The Inuit and Their Beliefs

A frozen world where legends of the Earth, Sea, and Sky burned as bright as the Northern Lights, the Artic regions reflect the battle with the elements.  The Inuit peoples relied on the natural world to survive and this dependence created a lore which involved Shamanism.  These Shamans communicated with their Gods and Goddesses through visions while in a trance.  The was a harmonious relationship between the Shamans and the spirts of fire, water, and the wind. The spirits of the mountains and animals that inhabited the regions all possessed spirits which controlled the world around them.

Aulanerk a water spirit, important because it was one it surrounded them, caused the waves.  Agloolik another water spirit, resided below the ice and Nootaikok controlled the icebergs. The spirit of the sea Sedua was a main spirit controlling the food which came from the sea. She was cruel and harsh.

The Moon was of special importance.  The cycles of the moon determined the seasons which in turn ensured the abundance of game.  The stars positions were also noted as their appearance indicated the migration of the animals that were consumed.  Their myths were full of stories of the constellations and celestial bodies.  The Moon dominated their myths more so than the Sim.  Aningaaq or Moon Man was the essence of the sky.  He was helpful and he is depicted as benevolent and controlled fertility by the seasonal cycles.

The balance of the Inuit world was dictated by the Moon and the Sea, Moon Man and Sea Woman were major forces, the forces which controlled the Inuit life.

Sila the spirit of Air controlled rain, snow, storms and blizzards.  With her great powers she would take revenge when offended causing harsh weather and withholding food.

These Gods and Goddesses controlled the physical forces, maintaining harmony, protecting the animals of nature.  The Inuit revered nature and animals so much that animals had a part in some of their creation myths.

Since humans have inhabited the Earth they have sought to explain, understand, and control the world around them; their persistent attempt to make sense of nature has left behind and animated history of life in the inanimate.  The spirits of the wind, storms clouds all tell of another time when humans had a poignant intimacy with their Gods and of a life which in reality does not differ so much from our own.

The Visions of the End

A bringer of salvation is found in almost every culture of the world there contains a perfect, powerful personage who saves mankind from sin and eternal punishment from the Gods. The savior most commonly is a miraculous birth and is of royal descent. They are threatened at birth and are tempted by demons, there are works of miracles and redemption through grace. The coming of the savior is prophesied and the savior's experiences and the Creator's plans for human redemption are foretold.

In the Hindu beliefs Vishnu was incarnated as a turtle and had recovered the treasures lost during the Great Flood. He is believed to have had ten incarnations in this world in a variety of forms. In his incarnation as Matsya the fish Vishu warned Manu of the deluge so that Manu could build and board a ship “with the seeds of all living things.” He reappears to rescue the world whenever it is in danger. Kalki is the future incarnation and will redeem mankind from the present day evils. He will establish a new era. He will appear as a warrior on a white horse.

Buddhism is a philosophy of salvation. Buddhists believe that the Bodhisattvas refuse personal salvation and remain in the world to help suffering humanity on the path to enlightment and from perpetual reincarnation.

The myths of the Apocalypse as told in India is explained in “How Ruda Destroys the Universe”

At the beginning of the cycle the Earth was created by Brahma' during the time of the world it is sustained by Vishnu and at the end it is destroyed by Shiva. A t the beginning of a Day which lasts for 12,000 years of the devas which is 4,320,000 human years the world is recreated by the Eternal One when he awakens. Every Day or cycle is divided into 14 manvataras each ruled by a Manu. Each manvantara is followed by a Great Flood that destroys everything except that which is needed to repopulate the Earth. The continents are rearranged during the Flood. When the time comes when the Earth is depleted completely Vishnu takes the form of Rudra the Storm God and the Universe is eradicated.. All the waters of the Earth are dried up. The Earth is burnt and cleansed; the waters are returned with sheets of rain which are then drawn back into the clouds, the World is chaos and at the state where it can be recreated.

The end of the world is inevitable

The Aztec Beliefs

The mythology of the Aztec civilization dominated central Mexico in the 1400s and early 1500s,  and described a duality of the universe from flamboyant life to destruction. Worlds were created and destroyed in the myths, gods fought and destroyed one another. Commonly used item;colors, numbers, directions, days of the calendar were associated with these Gods and Goddesses. The religious life of the Aztec people was as drastic in celebration and ranged from keeping statues of the gods in homes to public ceremonies which were on a grand scale.

The Aztecs migrated to Mexico from the north; they were a group who formed an alliance and founded a city called Tenochtitlán.

The area they occupied was populated by civilizations who had developed gods myths and legends of their own and so the Aztecs absorbed Gods, stories, and beliefs from these earlier peoples and from the Maya. Aztec mythology contained religious and mythology of the many groups in Mexico and Central America.

In the Aztec beliefs and most of the myths and legends human life was shaped by forces beyond his control. The gods created people to work for them, they were considered servants of the Gods. These Gods did not protect or bestow gifts upon the people. Humans were responsible for the satisfaction of the Gods.; this was carried by satisfying the needs of the Gods which was in their belief sacrificing humans to feed the Gods the precious elixir of life blood. The need to satisfy the Gods, especially the sun god, depended on human sacrifices.

In the Aztec Creation Myth darkness covered the earth. The Gods gathered together and made a fire. Nanahuatzin, one of the gods, leaped into the fire and came out as the sun. The other gods had to give the sun their blood in order for him to travel to the sky and begin his course. Several myths relating how the gods sacrificed themselves are seen in the Aztec beliefs. The human sacrifices that the people performed were begun by the belief of the sacrifices made by the Gods themselves with blood sacrifices..

Priests conducted ceremonies at the temples, often with songs and dancing the priests offered sacrifices. Spanish explorers reported witnessing ceremonies in which hordes of people were laid on sacrificial altars. The reasoning behind the death of humans for the Gods can be related to the belief of the Aztecs that the world had died and been reborn and that the gods also died and were reborn. This rebirth of the world and the predetermined fate of humans and the world ties in with the myths and rituals of the Aztecs.

Also the Aztecs' calendar, an elaborate system,with two calendars: a 365-day solar calendar, based on the position of the sun, and a 260-day ritual calendar used for divination. Each day of the ritual calendar was influenced by a combination of gods and goddesses.

The 52-year cycle called the Calendar Round was also used and at the end of a Calendar Round, the Aztecs put out all their fires. When it came time for a new Calendar Round, there was a ceremony in which new fires were lit from flames burning in a human victim's chest.

Many Aztec myths are of the story of the five suns. The Aztecs believed that four suns, had existed before ours this was that there were four worlds. Different events had occurred and the catastrophes destroyed the world and it had come to an end.

The mythology of the Aztec people is a rich blend of numerous Gods and supernatural beings which is unique and intriguing. The religious beliefs in particular the Sun God and calendar system for which the are famous for shows a civilization that was advanced and had a superior knowledge of the world that surpassed others of the time period, although they absorbed much from their environment. There are some who believe that the myth of the 5 Suns and the end of the Earth will soon come to pass. The Aztecs have left behind a history of a mighty empire full of joy and despair a duality that persists in some of the world's most widely held beliefs.

Incest and Infidelity in the House of the Gods

Incest and Infidelity in the House of the Gods

Principal Gods of Greek Mythology

Zeus the supreme god of the Olympian gods was one of the most famous of the Greek Gods and one of the most renowned for his adulterous behavior. There was no discrimination when it came to getting the woman he desired whether mortal or immortal he managed to leave a legacy of Gods, Goddesses and divine heroes. The number of children that Zeus sired is unknown and speculations about his progeny are still being debated but some of the more famous ones can be found within his own family tree.

Zeus and Maia

One of the Pleiades and the mother of Hermes, she was the daughter of Atlas and Pleione an Oceanid. The oldest of the Pleiades. They were sometimes called the Mountain Nymphs.

Zeus and Dione

A Titan with whom Zeus conceive Aphrodite. She had an Oracle at Dodone. She was the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys. She was one of four sisters the others being Mnemosyne, Phoebe and Themis. She was also said to have given birth to Dionysus by Zeus.

Zeus and Leto

A Titan born of Oceanus and Phoebe and the mother of the twin Gods Apollo and Diana. She is also said to be the protector of the young. While pregnant with the twins she was tormented by the wrath of Hera and destined to wander the Earth without rest. When it came time for the twins to be born the floating island of Delos granted her a place and she gave birth to Apollo and Diana.

Zeus and Demeter

Demeter was a Goddess of fertility and agriculture. She was a daughter of the Titans Cronus and his sister Rhea. She was the sister of Hestia, Hera and Hades, Poseidon and Zeus, who was also the father of her child Persephone. She and her daughter Persephone are associated with the Greek and Roman cult the Eleusinian Mysteries.

Zeus and Hera

Hera the Queen of the Gods was Zeus' sister they conceived a child called Hephaestus. Hephaestus was the God of the Blacksmiths fire and the patron of craftsmen. The volcanic fires of Mr Etna represented him. He was known as the lame god. Hera at his birth was disgusted by the sight of him and flung him from Mt Olympus and he fell landing in the sea where nymphs rescued him and brought him to Lemos where he was cared for. He created Zeus' thunderbolts. He was married to Aphrodite the Goddess of Love.

Zeus and Metis

Metis impregnated by Zeus was swallowed by Zeus when he was told by Gaia that Metis would have a daughter who would overthrow him. One day he experienced a roaring headache and commanded Hephaestus to strike him in the head with an axe Athena sprang forth fully armed in war gear she became a favorite of Zeus.

Not all of the women seduced by Zeus were immortal some of the most well nown of his mortal loves were:

Zeus and Danae

Zeus came to Danae in the guise of a golden shower after she had been imprisoned in a tower by her father their son was the hero Perseus

Zeus and Leda

One of the most famous offspring Helen of Troy Zeus visited Leda as a Swan it is said that Helen was born in an egg,

Zeus and Europa

Europa mothered 3 sons Minos, Sarpedon and Rhadamanthys with Zeus in the form of a bull

Zeus and Alkmene

The most famous bastard son is one of the children of Zeus and Aleme Hercules born of Zeus and his twin brother Likymnios by her husband Amphitryon

Zeus and Semele

The mother of Dionysis She requested at the instigation of Hera to see Zeus in his glory as a God. He consented and the sight burnt her but he saved the unborn child by sewing him in his thigh until he was born.

Egyptian Mythology

Among the greatest civilizations of the Earth, the Egyptian civilization has a rich diverse mythology all of their own. They are famous for the unique beliefs which have made the world call them a people with high moral values.

Atum has been credited to being the finisher of the world, and was called The Complete One which he wil lreturn to chaos at the end of the creative cycle. He was seen as all aspects of the world, the deities and all things being made of himself. One of the most prominent deities from the ancient times,he is portrayed as both a creator and father to the phraroh.

Atum was considered to be the first God, having created himself from the primordial waters Nu. Atum created the God Shu and the Goddess Tefnut.

The Egyptians believed that Atum lifted the dead pharoh's soul from his pyramid to the heavens. Known also a Solar God, with Sun God Ra, usually with the evening Sun.

Atum, the first being to emerge from the darkness and endless abyss of the world before creation., he created divine and human beings. He is sometimes he is shown as a serpent, or as a bull or lizard.

Ptah is the patron of construction, metalworking, and sculpture, carpenters and shipbuilders.The glory of the Pyramids attest to the high value this God had for this anceint prople. Ptah was one of five major Egyptian gods with Ra, Osiris, Isis and Amun.

Ptah is the creator God he existed before all things, and by him the world was first conceived by Thought, and realized by the Word. He is shown in many forms. He is sometimes represented as a dwarf , howener, is generally represente as a man with green skin, wearing the divine beard, and holding a sceptre.






The ancient Egyptians believed in the concept of life after death. The ancient Egyptians considered the humans to be the gift as children of the Gods. On the death of a person, the body would be preserved with at most care without any signs of decay even though the motion of the body has completely stopped. The dead person’s body was preserved for the manifestation of individual spirit. The body of the person would be mummified and placed in the coffin as if the person was asleep; they buried the utensils, ornaments, the toiletries and essentials required by the person in his journey after death. They even placed weapons for the protection of the person and food inside of the burial chambers.

Anubis the jackal headed God of ancient Egypt is associated with the mummification and the dead in the afterlife. He was depicted as half human, half jackal. Since the jackal was a scavenger which threatened to consume dead bodies it was associated with cemetaries. During embalming ceremonies the embalmer wore an Anubis costume. One of the decrees of Anubis was the Guardian of the Scales deciding by the weight of truth where with the weighing the Heart Anubis determined the fate of souls.

Anubis was known to be the son of Ra, but in later myths he was thought to be son of Osiris. Anubis' half-brother was Horus, son of Osiris and Isis. One myth says that Anubis is the son of Nephthys and Set, Osiris' brother and the god of the desert and darkness.

Horus is one of the oldest and most significant deities in the ancient Egyptian Religion. He was most often depicted as a falcon, or as a man with a falcon head.

Horus is the first known national god, the king who is a manifestation of Horus in life and Osiris in death. Horus is the son of the Goddess Isis and the God Osiris. Horus role emcompassed many functions but most commonly being the god of the sun, war and protection.

Horus was born to the goddess Isis after she had found all the dismembered body parts of her murdered husband Orisis except his penis which was thrown into the Nile and eaten by a catfish. She used her Goddess powers to resurrect Osiris and fashion a gold member to conceive. Once Isis knew she was pregnant with Horus, she fled to hide from her brother Set who had killed Osiris and would have wanted to kill their son. Isis bore a divine son, Horus.

The Pharaoh as Horus in life became the Pharaoh as Osiris in death, where he was united with the rest of the gods. New incarnations of Horusin later incarnations succeeded the deceased pharaoh on earth in the form of new Pharaohs.

Set born of the sky goddess Nut and the earth god Geb. His twin sister and wife was Nepthys. Another set of twins of Nut and Geb who became husband and wife: were the divine Osiris and Isis and their son was Horus.

The myths concerning these characters portray Osiris as a wise king, and content with his sister, Isis. Set envious of his brother killed and dismembered Osiris. Isis gathered his dismembered body and embalmed him. Osiris reigned over the afterworld as a king of the spirits of the dead. Horus his son was conceived by Isis.

From the land of the Sphinx comes tales of Gods with the faults of humans combined with the wisdom of the Gods. Intriging in form as in the emotional turmoils that these myths show of a civilization that has endured through the centuries and lives on until today. Pure in its attempts to understand the world in which they lived and the world that has lived on because of them.

The Baal Myth

Baal was a God of ancient Canaan, there he was worshiped as a God of fertility and rain. He was the son of El, the supreme god of the Canaanites, and the husband of the Goddess Anat.

Because of the importance of rain in the dry lands of the Near East, their local gods were usually associated with fertility and the cycle of rain and drought seasons. Baal was called the Lord of the Earth and Lord of the Rain and Dew.

Myths about Baal relate to fertility and the cycle of the seasons. The story of the battle between Baal and Mot, the god of death and infertility shows how the rain holds so much importance in their culture. According the recorded tales, Yam, the sea god, attempted to make a slave out of Baal. He sent messengers to Baal, asking him to surrender, but Baal drove them away. Baal and Yam fought with Baal using two magic weapons, he defeated him and took control of the waters. Yam represents the destructive nature of flooding the land and ruining crops and killing animals. Baal represents water's positive powers: rain and dew providing the nourishment needed to make crops grow. Baal is the spring rains and Mot represents the drought of the summer months. By defeating Mot, the rains in this case Baal, the earth is reborn each year and life flourishes in the dry Near East.

Worship of Baal in other ancient cultures. was widespread in the ancient world. Baal was also prominent in Egypt from about 1400 to 1075 B . C .. Baal was known to the Babylonians and Assyrians, and he equated to the God Marduk. The Greeks called identified him with Zeus.

Mythical stories that attempted to explain the nature of the physical world supported this religious belief. The basic features the Ba‘al religion revolved around the cycles of nature necessary for prosperity which were primarily growing crops; raising livestock and the survival of humankind. The fertility of land and crops played a large role in the Canaanite world as well as the rest of the Near East. Water was a major element in the myth and in an environment where human existence was often precarious human fertility was an important concern.

The theme of a cosmic battle among the gods personifies the struggle for life. The annual renewal of the earth in springtime makes it a myth of the cycle of seasons. This cosmic battle may not have been a historical event of the past, but occurred anew each year and was reenacted in rituals.

Witches and Witchcraft

Witchcraft is the use of supernatural powers and magical spells. In Christian Europe witches were thought to be in worshipers of Satan and used their powers to harm people and property. The concept of witchcraft as good and bad is increasingly distinguished with good witches involving healing.

Beliefs in witchcraft have existed in many cultures worldwide and still exist in some today.. The witch was a respected in primitive times and they were valued, not feared, they helped ease pain and healed people and their animals. In primitive times religion and magic were virtually the same. Priests were magicians and magicians were priests.

These beliefs were prominant in Early Europe of the 14th to 18th century, where witchcraft came to be seen as diabolical and resulted in the Witch Hunts.

In the Christian and Islamic faiths, sorcery came to be associated with evil.

Many French healers were accused of witchcraft a majority of the accused witches in Hungary seem to have been healers.

Some of the healers and diviners accused of witchcraft should be considered as Shamans. These people had contacts with fairies, spirits and traveling through the Otherworld. These beliefs are found in the folklore of most of Europe, and were described by the accused witches in Europe.

The basic characteristics of a witch is that they poscess the ability to cast a spell. A spell could consist of a set of words, or a verse. Spells are cast by many methods, by the binding or pricking of a wax image of a person to affect them magically; with incantations; by performing physical rituals; and by the use of magical herbs, amulets or potions.Necromacy is the practice of conjuring the spirits of the dead for prophocy.

Today, it is thought that many witches and the possessed were those with dementia or other psychosis. In early times the medical and the psychological sciences to explore causes, other than possession, for the behavior of people was not as advanced as it is today; although Anceint Greece surpassed the European countries. A victim who was thought to be possessed because of their spastic jerkings and verbal utterances such as people with Tourette's syndrome were victims for the accusations of possessed. The involuntary profanities and barks, curses, tics, facial contortions were thought to be possessed by the Devil.

The name Witch conjures up Sabbaths and demonic activity to this day and the association of the Old Hag and her cat still crosses people's minds when it is uttered. Throughout time this reference has been made; and it has been proven that even when there is doubt there is still a grain or truth. Are witches a part of the imaginary world or is the imagined the truth buried in the seas of unknown.